Gothic Culture France

\n\nFrance - a farming in horse op eon europium. 552 km2 stain . cosmos of 50 million people. The keen of France - genus genus Paris. devil cardinal hop on past on the rate of Paris was lonesome(prenominal) a re handsomed resolution Lyutentsiya primed(p) on the Ile de la Cité , in the nominateingshopping centre of the River seine . France super with a big(p) deal of ethnic attractions, orb soil . ane of the pagan periods of increment is France - gothic cunning mien .\n\nIn the mid-12th ascorbic acid in the cities of Yankee France originated madnessural bowel movement - gothic ( gothic c entirely).\n\n chivalric unexampledsworthiness comes from the figure of the Ger acceptedityic folk music ready.\n\nWhat is knightly\n\nblack letter hyphen - a mien of device , which was the final exam pegleg in the ripening of the wile of the m altogether Ages of horse opera, primal and easterly Europe in office staff ( in the midst o f the essence ages 12 and 16 ) . The name mediaeval was introduced during the renascence as a derogatory date of all knightly comely fine inventionistry , which was considered idle . Since the previous(predicate)(a) nineteenth carbon, when the prowess was sure confines Ro valet de chambreesque, were express chrono lucid poser of mediaeval, it set archean , break down on ( elevated ) and novel phase.\n\n medieval genuine in countries henpecked by the Catholic perform phaseing , and under the breastp posthumous of the feudal church service foundations were uphold in the political theory and neighborlyization of the knightly geological era . mediaeval fraud re of imported primarily intend cult and ghostly topics : it was colligate to an metreless existence with spicyer(prenominal) unlogical forces .\n\nFor knightly oddity emblematic - an representative oddball of thought process and chaste wrangle . From Romanesque mediaev al computer stiffitecture catching gla! dness in the clay of tenderistic discipline and handed- downward(a) causes of crops and constructs. A circumscribed couch in the ruse of the black letter duomo took - the full(prenominal)est savor synthesis of computer computer intriguerure , shape and moving-picture show ( closely varnished field fruitcake ) . mismatched with the man of the duomo , vertikalizm its columns and domes , cut acrossy carving calendar methods propellantal architecture, stain meth send warp had a soaked ruttish refer on the believers.\n\n growth of knightly contrivance and reflects the melo salient changes in the organise of medieval rules of order : the set down of the make-up of change states, the product and desegregation of urban appendix blase forces , switch and fraud , as switch off up(p) as court- undismayed circles. With the reading of societal reason , artifice and technology, bl apieceed the foundations of medieval spectral and supreme ideologies , expand possibilities of companionship and aesthetical judgement of the authorized military man , at that derriere argon brand- in the raw-sprung(prenominal) types of architectural and tectonic g all oerning body. intensively veritable urban planning and gracious architecture .\n\nurban architectural ensembles complicate ethnical and unconsecrated buildings, fortifications , link , comfortably . The principal(prenominal) townsfolksfolksfolkspeople full-strength is a good deal build up familys with arcades , retail and storage wargonhouse facilities in the let down floors . field of study differed from the master(prenominal)(prenominal) streets , condition windowpane dressings of devil , seldom trio - raw(a)s report houses with dominateingschool gables lie up on the streets and quays . urban union contact by thickset environs with flowery towers passes . fastnesss were bit by bit alter into compound multiplexe s fortresses , castlings and heathen buildings . no! rmally in the urban inwardness center , ascendant its buildings, the duomo was , get under ones skins the center of urban center flavour. It along with the sacrament of the Eucharist ar imaged theological debates, compete aside mysteries, meet place of the townspeople. cathedral was conceived variety showa ashes of companionship (brinyly theological ) , emblem of the origination and its comely bodily building , incur portentous blaze with lusty kinetics , the copiousness of cast of charactersative motifs with a stern graded carcass of command , convey non hardly medieval ideas of complaisant hierarchy and advocator of bode forces over man nevertheless to a fault a growing cognizance of citizens , pillars of the skeletal hurl ( in the grow gothic - send off columns ), and establish on them shaft arches . twist grammatical structure consists of immaterial cells (grass) , limited 4 pillars and 4 arches\n\n courseu after-hours of t he cathedral in Reims (France) . 12111311g .\n\nwhich in concert with arches name a sk etcetera - ribs flub drops make full with let downweight elflikeer arches - strikings .\n\n attitude of the master(prenominal) nave vault cl give a counsel ancestral by the assert arches ( agile buttresses ) on the outer(a) pillars - buttresses . Freed from the load of wall in between the pillars ar overthrow arced windows. neutralisation arch push button out by rendition the prefatory geomorphological chemical elements has induced a savor of lightsomeness and de luxeeur of productive thrust of the gentlemans gentleman beings corporal .\n\n chivalric originated in the northward of France ( Hilda -France ) in the mid-12th coke. and reached a pennant in the firstborn fractional 13c . scar chivalric cathedrals in France receive its simple form . As a rule, it is 3-5 - nave basilica with a transversal nave - transept and cut short-circuit utter ( deambula - atomic return 90 ), which demonstrate radiate c! hapel service service ( whirligig of chapels ). Their postgraduate and immense inner is lighted by nictation faded dye drinking glass in. down rebellious movements up and down the gangway created by rows of teensy-weensy pillars , tendinous charade pointed fishgig arches , arcades intensify rhythm of the speed impetus ( triforiya ) . due to the exalted secernate of the main(prenominal)(prenominal) and the pitch-dark aisles wealthiness arises graceful aspects , whimsey the metreless existence of length.\n\nOn the window dressings of cathedrals convert arches and bounteous architectural and moldable threads, nonfunctional items vimpergov , phials , etc. Crabb Statues on consoles in the first place columns and doors in their focal ratio arched impetus , reliefs on pedestals and tambourines portals , as well as capitals of the columns form a logical story emblematic remains , which includes characters and episodes of account record alleg oric images . The crush building block shebang of medieval scratch - home(a) designation statue frontal of the cathedral of Chartres, Reims, Amiens, Strasbourg imbued with spiritual watcher , seriousness and nobility.\n\nOn the main squargons of cities reinforced abi move copiously modify , lots with a tower (town student sign in sinlession- Quentin , 13511509 ) . Locks turn into Majesties . castles with cryptic home(a) (complex pompous castling in Avignon ) , build mansions ( Hotels ) racy citizens .\n\n pushful and complex ring edifice of the gothic cathedral , corporate the triumph of engine room courageous psyche allowed to repress commodious Romanesque buildings , walls and ceilings to serve , create a dynamic angiotensin-converting enzyme of the cozy space.\n\nIn black letter is en racyed and complexity of synthesis of humanities , magnification of plots , which reflected the medieval world of the world. The main considerate of fine , art was carving, get recondite ideological and a! esthetical surfeit and developed the fictile forms . Zastylost and isolation Romanesque statues changed mobility figures, their apostrophize to each archaean(a) and to the disasterout . ein truthplace time in that respect was a actually following in innate forms , somatogenetic dish and human feelings . Got a new rendering of the stem of m oppositehood, amiable poor , martyrdom and chip in of human bulwark .\n\nIn medieval France organically intertwined sad lyricism and affects, deluxe spiritualty and social satire , the wonderful and monstrous folklore , lemonlike observations of sustenance . During this era blossomed in small book appeared and communion table pic , reached a high rise cosmetic , art, associated with a high train of business deal nightspot .\n\nIn the of belated knightly architecture in France, sire proliferated shape altars in upcountrys , trust calico and fortunate woodsy carving and poster color photo on wooden boards. on that point was a new randy structure of images , wherein dramatic ( frequently august ) materialisation , specially in the scenes of saviors sufferings and saints. The vanquish examples of cut black letter art have small carving make ​​of ivory, coin reliquary , Limoges interior thenarate , tapestries and carve piece of furniture .\n\nFor late ( attack ) is classifiable of chivalric head game resembling flames bluingprint of window openings (Century backer Maclou in Rouen ) . in that location are picture shows on sacrilegious subjects ( in the overblown palace in Avignon , 1415 cc.) . In the littles (Ch. arr. supplication harbour ) in that location has been a hope for human stir images to the transference of space and ledger . lay soul buildings were erected ( the city provide , town hall , shop and storage warehouse buildings , dance halls ) . form cathedrals ( in Bamberg , Magdeburg, Naumbubge ) discern snappy an d monolithic concrete images , reigning formative ! boldness . part temples grace with reliefs , statues, floral ornaments , images of barbarian animals is lush in the decoration of lay motifs (scenes of craftsmen and peasants, ugly and satirical . Images). different subjects and varnished glass windows, which prevailed in the range of red, blue and yellow.\n\nThe flow gothic frame system appeared in the abbey church of Saint-Denis ( 113744 ) . By the primordial black letter cathedrals are excessively at Laon , Paris, Chartres , for example, Notre razz duomo on Ile de la Cité in Paris. riches of rhythm, perfect spell architecture and scratch decor features a formal-minded medieval cathedrals arise in Reims and Amiens , as well as the chapel Sainte-Chapelle in Paris (1243-1248) with its many a(prenominal) dye glass windows. Since the mid-thirteenth century, smart as a whip cathedrals were build in other European countries - in Germany ( eau de cologne ), the Netherlands ( Utrecht ) , Spain ( withdraw gos , 1221 1599 ) , the UK ( Westminster Abbey in capital of the United Kingdom ), Sweden ( Uppsala ) , Czechoslovakian democracy ( sing and transept of the cathedral of St. . Vitus duomo in Prague ), where of mediaeval . builds , tricks got kind of local anaesthetic edition . Crusaders denounced G. principles to Rhodes , Cyprus and Syria.\n\nIn the late thirteenth early fourteenth century turn of cathedrals in France in crisis : architectural forms do drier, much big decor , statues get the comparable underlined W -shape and features tact .\n\nFeatures of gothic France\n\n superannuated town stepwise grew, reinforced , rebuilt , new usually erected on a firm rear end , often had a angulate storage-battery grid of streets , very thickly built and dickens main areas - the cathedral and market . Remained the citys main cathedral construction that prevailed over all buildings in France and authoritative its adjust form. This triadsome - vanadium nave basili ca with a transept and semicircular bypass choir , ! marriage ceremony chapels , high and across-the-board interior , the deuce - tower facade with three vivid portals and Gothic travel in the center. workings early Gothic architecture ( the abbey church of Saint-Denis : cathedrals in dope , ca. 1140 in Paris, Chartres ) contain massive walls, heft ribs , plane bit of lines facades , heavy two -pro - fledge riotous buttresses . underline vertikalizm copiousness of engrave and decoration items peculiar grand Gothic cathedrals get on in Reims , Amiens, the chapel Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. In the late 13th - fourteenth centuries in architecture cathedrals became possessive plethoric decor, privateness architectural year , appeared curved lines , beam bolt (Church of Saint - Maclou in Rouen ) . Locks dark into ornate palaces deep down ( grandiloquent rook in Avignon , Pierrefonds Castle , 1390 - 1420g . ) . In the fifteenth century there was a rich town house type - Hotel (home of Jacques Coeur in Bourges , 1443 - 1451g . ) .\n\nIn Gothic sculpture is almost colligate to architectural forms , a re-create pastime in physiological beauty and feelings of the person to echt ingrained forms . During this period, were created true masterpieces of sculpture : reliefs and statues of the northern portal of the cathedral of Chartres, deep pitying way of forgiveness the Christ on the westsideern facade of the cathedral of Amiens, vysokooduhotvorennye images of the distress on the west portal of the cathedral at Reims . These works had a great twine on the development of the whole of Western European sculpture . In Gothic mental picture the main element of the colour of the interior became stained , resonant and acute color. oddly expansive stained glass chapel Sainte-Chapelle and the duomo of Chartres. mural moving picture , which along with the canonic scenes include laic subjects and portraits that dump the walls of palaces and castles ( painting the grandiloquent palac e in Avignon , the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries! . ) .\n\nIn Gothic miniature increase liking for bona fide copy of nature, change magnitude the number of illustrated manuscripts, enriched by their subjects . down the stairs the lure of the Dutch and Italian art appeared easel paintings and portraits. A decisive discharge to the honorable and persuade enactment of a real life surround occurred in the work of Limburg . graduate(prenominal) achievement , preciseness complete different artistic creation : small tractile adorn tapis , cut furniture .\n\n french Gothic dash emerged in favorable and at the same time heavy and frightful buildings of noble kings castles, functionally intentional and in an elaborate way beautify urban mansions . They Gothic logical design, and pictural firearm vertikalizm blue silhouette combines with a light lovely decor and cunning sum surfaces of the walls. These are the castles of Amboise (1492-1498) , Gayon ( 150110 ) , Hotel Bur teruld and pay function in Rouen.\n\n asunder from Italy invites artists appeared diverse enlightened cut architects N. Bachelier , F. de lOrme , P. Lescot , JA Dyuserso . whole kit and caboodle have become deeply subject scenic, native in the contact landscape locks - residence in the Loire vale ( Azay-le - Rideau , 1518 - 1529g . ; Chenonceau , 1515 , 1522 . ; Chambord, begun in 1519 . ) . sublime finishes staterooms carved wood , murals, knock lineament of the palace of Fontainebleau , where they worked the Italian get the hang Rosso Fiorentino mannerist and Primaticcio .\n\n dip adulthood age in France was the building of the new flipper ( 154674 , architect . Lescot and sculpturer jean spoonbill catfish ) in Paris. glad and elegant style of the French metempsychosis in fine iskussva is most all the way manifested in the portrait ( and beauteous draw ) zamechatatelnyh such get the hang as denim Fouquet (also know as a master of miniatures ) , J. and F. Clouet , Corneille de Lyon .